A popular strategy is "divide and conquer". The framework lets you apply "divide and conquer" to configuration files using the <include .../> element.

Each included file must be in the same format as struts.xml, including the DOCTYPE. The include files can be placed anywhere on the classpath and should be referred to by that path by the "file" attribute.

In a large-team environment, the include files can be used to organize different modules of the application that are being developed by different team members.